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In jazz music, the term ''upper structure'' or ''upper structure triad'' refers to a voicing approach developed by jazz pianists and arrangers defined by the sounding of a major or minor triad in the uppermost pitches of a more complex harmony.〔Ellenberger, Kurt. ''Materials and Concepts in Jazz Improvisation'', p.20.〕 ==Examples== Example 1: Below, a common voicing used by jazz pianists is given for the chord C79 (C major chord with a flat 7th, and extended with a sharpened 9th). In the lower-stave the notes E and B are given. These form a tritone which defines the dominant sound, and are the major 3rd and flattened 7th of the C79 chord. In the upper-stave the notes E, G, and B are given together: these form an E major triad. This E major triad is what would be called the upper structure. Considered in relation to the root C, the notes of this E major triad function, respectively, as the sharpened ninth (actually a flattened tenth, enharmonically equal to the sharpened ninth which forms the root of the E major chord), fifth, and seventh in relation to that root. (Note: the root C is omitted here, and is often done so by jazz pianists for ease of playing, or because a bass player is present.) Example 2: The following example illustrates the notes of an F minor triad functioning as part of a C13911 chord (C major chord with a flat 7th, flatted ninth, sharpened 11th, and 13th): In relation to the root of C, the C (enharmonic with D) functions as a flattened ninth, the F-sharp functions as a sharpened eleventh, and the A functions as the thirteenth. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「upper structure」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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